Bhutanese Economy
Broadly the main contributors to the economy of Bhutan can be classified as under :
Agriculture
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The main strength of Bhutanese Economy is Agriculture. More than 80% of the population is dependent on agriculture for their livelihood. Except for a few parts in the country, maximum farmers practice subsistence farming. However, because of increase in urbanization and efforts undertaken by the Government, more and more people are starting to practice commercial farming. This sector contributes approximately 40% of the country's GNP. The main agricultural products are Asparagus, Oranges, Apples, Cardamoms, Potatoes, Mushrooms etc.
Forestry
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Because of the Government’s Policy of sustainable use of Forests cover and huge cover of Forests, this segment contributes 15% to the GNP. The Forests are ecological wealth and used for exploitative purpose.
Tourism
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Since opening in 1975, tourism industry has shown spectacular increase. The tourist’s arrivals are increasing year after year. For the past few years, Bhutan has consistently seen tourist arrivals in excess of 100000. Increase in tourism has also led to the boom of allied industries like Arts & Architectures. Today tourism is the main contributor to the Government’s Revenue.
Hydro-Electricity
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Hydro-Electricity is by far the biggest revenue contributor for the Government of Bhutan with the biggest importer being India. The Chhuka Power Plant generates 336 MW of electricity. It is the first electricity generator in the Country. The biggest is the Tala Hydro-Power Plant which generates 1020 MW of electricity.
Manufacturing
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Bhutan also manufactures products like Calcium Carbide, Ferro Alloys, Wood Products, Cement, Processed Food etc. This contributes around 14 % to the GNP. Bhutan's present per capita income is US $ 1852 (2010). Bhutan has planned to facilitate the growth of more industries in the coming future in a sustainable manner.